Amino acids: chemistry, functionality and selected non-enzymatic post-translational modifications.

TY - JOUR

T1 - Amino acids: chemistry, functionality and selected non-enzymatic post-translational modifications.

AU - Bischoff, Rainer

AU - Schlüter, Hartmut

N1 - Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

PY - 2012/4/18

Y1 - 2012/4/18

N2 - The ultimate goal of proteomics is determination of the exact chemical composition of protein species, including their complete amino acid sequence and the identification of each modified side chain, in every protein in a biological sample and their quantification. We are still far from achieving this goal due to limitations in analytical methodology and data analysis but also due to the fact that we surely have not discovered all amino acid modifications that occur in nature. To detect modified side chains and to discover new, still unknown amino acid derivatives, an understanding of the chemistry of the reactive groups of amino acids is mandatory. This tutorial focuses on the chemistry of the amino acid side chains and addresses non-enzymatic modifications. By highlighting some exemplary reactions a glimpse of the huge diversity of modified amino acids provides the reader with sufficient insight into amino acid chemistry to raise the awareness for unexpected side chain modifications. We further introduce the reader to a terminology, which enables the comprehensive description of the exact chemical composition of a protein species, including its full amino acid sequence and all modifications of its amino acid side chains. This Tutorial is part of the International Proteomics Tutorial Programme (IPTP number 10).

AB - The ultimate goal of proteomics is determination of the exact chemical composition of protein species, including their complete amino acid sequence and the identification of each modified side chain, in every protein in a biological sample and their quantification. We are still far from achieving this goal due to limitations in analytical methodology and data analysis but also due to the fact that we surely have not discovered all amino acid modifications that occur in nature. To detect modified side chains and to discover new, still unknown amino acid derivatives, an understanding of the chemistry of the reactive groups of amino acids is mandatory. This tutorial focuses on the chemistry of the amino acid side chains and addresses non-enzymatic modifications. By highlighting some exemplary reactions a glimpse of the huge diversity of modified amino acids provides the reader with sufficient insight into amino acid chemistry to raise the awareness for unexpected side chain modifications. We further introduce the reader to a terminology, which enables the comprehensive description of the exact chemical composition of a protein species, including its full amino acid sequence and all modifications of its amino acid side chains. This Tutorial is part of the International Proteomics Tutorial Programme (IPTP number 10).

KW - Animals

KW - Humans

KW - Models, Biological

KW - Models, Molecular

KW - Substrate Specificity

KW - Sequence Analysis, Protein

KW - Proteomics/methods

KW - Amino Acids/chemistry/metabolism/physiology

KW - Protein Processing, Post-Translational/physiology

KW - Animals

KW - Humans

KW - Models, Biological

KW - Models, Molecular

KW - Substrate Specificity

KW - Sequence Analysis, Protein

KW - Proteomics/methods

KW - Amino Acids/chemistry/metabolism/physiology

KW - Protein Processing, Post-Translational/physiology

U2 - 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.01.041

DO - 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.01.041

M3 - SCORING: Journal article

C2 - 22387128

VL - 75

SP - 2275

EP - 2296

JO - J PROTEOMICS

JF - J PROTEOMICS

SN - 1874-3919

IS - 8

M1 - 8

ER -