A comparative metagenome survey of the fecal microbiota of a breast- and a plant-fed Asian elephant reveals an unexpectedly high diversity of glycoside hydrolase family enzymes
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A comparative metagenome survey of the fecal microbiota of a breast- and a plant-fed Asian elephant reveals an unexpectedly high diversity of glycoside hydrolase family enzymes. / Ilmberger, Nele; Güllert, Simon; Dannenberg, Joana; Rabausch, Ulrich; Torres, Jeremy; Wemheuer, Bernd; Alawi, Malik; Poehlein, Anja; Chow, Jennifer; Turaev, Dimitrij; Rattei, Thomas; Schmeisser, Christel; Salomon, Jesper; Olsen, Peter B; Daniel, Rolf; Grundhoff, Adam; Borchert, Martin S; Streit, Wolfgang R.
In: PLOS ONE, Vol. 9, No. 9, 2014, p. e106707.Research output: SCORING: Contribution to journal › SCORING: Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - A comparative metagenome survey of the fecal microbiota of a breast- and a plant-fed Asian elephant reveals an unexpectedly high diversity of glycoside hydrolase family enzymes
AU - Ilmberger, Nele
AU - Güllert, Simon
AU - Dannenberg, Joana
AU - Rabausch, Ulrich
AU - Torres, Jeremy
AU - Wemheuer, Bernd
AU - Alawi, Malik
AU - Poehlein, Anja
AU - Chow, Jennifer
AU - Turaev, Dimitrij
AU - Rattei, Thomas
AU - Schmeisser, Christel
AU - Salomon, Jesper
AU - Olsen, Peter B
AU - Daniel, Rolf
AU - Grundhoff, Adam
AU - Borchert, Martin S
AU - Streit, Wolfgang R
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - A phylogenetic and metagenomic study of elephant feces samples (derived from a three-weeks-old and a six-years-old Asian elephant) was conducted in order to describe the microbiota inhabiting this large land-living animal. The microbial diversity was examined via 16S rRNA gene analysis. We generated more than 44,000 GS-FLX+454 reads for each animal. For the baby elephant, 380 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified at 97% sequence identity level; in the six-years-old animal, close to 3,000 OTUs were identified, suggesting high microbial diversity in the older animal. In both animals most OTUs belonged to Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Additionally, for the baby elephant a high number of Proteobacteria was detected. A metagenomic sequencing approach using Illumina technology resulted in the generation of 1.1 Gbp assembled DNA in contigs with a maximum size of 0.6 Mbp. A KEGG pathway analysis suggested high metabolic diversity regarding the use of polymers and aromatic and non-aromatic compounds. In line with the high phylogenetic diversity, a surprising and not previously described biodiversity of glycoside hydrolase (GH) genes was found. Enzymes of 84 GH families were detected. Polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs), which are found in Bacteroidetes, were highly abundant in the dataset; some of these comprised cellulase genes. Furthermore the highest coverage for GH5 and GH9 family enzymes was detected for Bacteroidetes, suggesting that bacteria of this phylum are mainly responsible for the degradation of cellulose in the Asian elephant. Altogether, this study delivers insight into the biomass conversion by one of the largest plant-fed and land-living animals.
AB - A phylogenetic and metagenomic study of elephant feces samples (derived from a three-weeks-old and a six-years-old Asian elephant) was conducted in order to describe the microbiota inhabiting this large land-living animal. The microbial diversity was examined via 16S rRNA gene analysis. We generated more than 44,000 GS-FLX+454 reads for each animal. For the baby elephant, 380 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified at 97% sequence identity level; in the six-years-old animal, close to 3,000 OTUs were identified, suggesting high microbial diversity in the older animal. In both animals most OTUs belonged to Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Additionally, for the baby elephant a high number of Proteobacteria was detected. A metagenomic sequencing approach using Illumina technology resulted in the generation of 1.1 Gbp assembled DNA in contigs with a maximum size of 0.6 Mbp. A KEGG pathway analysis suggested high metabolic diversity regarding the use of polymers and aromatic and non-aromatic compounds. In line with the high phylogenetic diversity, a surprising and not previously described biodiversity of glycoside hydrolase (GH) genes was found. Enzymes of 84 GH families were detected. Polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs), which are found in Bacteroidetes, were highly abundant in the dataset; some of these comprised cellulase genes. Furthermore the highest coverage for GH5 and GH9 family enzymes was detected for Bacteroidetes, suggesting that bacteria of this phylum are mainly responsible for the degradation of cellulose in the Asian elephant. Altogether, this study delivers insight into the biomass conversion by one of the largest plant-fed and land-living animals.
KW - Animals
KW - Biomass
KW - Breast Feeding
KW - Data Collection
KW - Elephants
KW - Feces
KW - Female
KW - Glycoside Hydrolases
KW - Male
KW - Metagenomics
KW - Microbiota
KW - Phylogeny
KW - Plants
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0106707
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0106707
M3 - SCORING: Journal article
C2 - 25208077
VL - 9
SP - e106707
JO - PLOS ONE
JF - PLOS ONE
SN - 1932-6203
IS - 9
ER -