Unmeasured anions are associated with short-term mortality in patients with hypoxic hepatitis
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Unmeasured anions are associated with short-term mortality in patients with hypoxic hepatitis. / Kneidinger, Nikolaus; Funk, Georg-Christian; Lindner, Gregor; Drolz, Andreas; Schenk, Peter; Fuhrmann, Valentin.
in: WIEN KLIN WOCHENSCHR, Jahrgang 125, Nr. 15-16, 01.08.2013, S. 474-80.Publikationen: SCORING: Beitrag in Fachzeitschrift/Zeitung › SCORING: Zeitschriftenaufsatz › Forschung › Begutachtung
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T1 - Unmeasured anions are associated with short-term mortality in patients with hypoxic hepatitis
AU - Kneidinger, Nikolaus
AU - Funk, Georg-Christian
AU - Lindner, Gregor
AU - Drolz, Andreas
AU - Schenk, Peter
AU - Fuhrmann, Valentin
PY - 2013/8/1
Y1 - 2013/8/1
N2 - OBJECTIVE: Hypoxic hepatitis is a common cause of hepatic impairment in critically ill patients and is an independent risk factor for mortality. An elevated level of unmeasured anions is another unfavourable prognostic marker in many disease entities. While the biochemical nature of unmeasured anions is unknown, data suggest that they may be released from the liver. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether the strong ion gap-the gold standard for estimation of unmeasured anions-is elevated and associated with outcome in patients with hypoxic hepatitis.METHODS: One hundred and five consecutive patients with hypoxic hepatitis admitted to the (intensive care unit) ICU of a university hospital were prospectively included in the study and compared with 15 healthy controls.RESULTS: Compared with the controls, patients with hypoxic hepatitis had an elevated strong ion gap (4.0 ± 2.6 vs. 7.8 ± 4.0 mmol/L; p = 0.0002) that contributed to metabolic acidosis. Patients dying within 5 days had a larger strong ion gap upon admission than did patients surviving beyond 5 days. The mean strong ion gap (SIG) over the course of the first 5 days after admission to the ICU was 1.3 mmol/L (0.3-2.3 mmol/L) larger in patients who died compared with patients who survived, p = 0.008. In multivariate Cox-regression, larger strong ion gaps were associated with shorter survival time. The SIG correlated positively with both AST and ALT.CONCLUSIONS: Unmeasured anions are elevated in patients with hypoxic hepatitis, contribute to metabolic acidosis and are associated with mortality. The liver is a possible source of the unmeasured anions, which may represent markers of tissue damage in hypoxic hepatitis.
AB - OBJECTIVE: Hypoxic hepatitis is a common cause of hepatic impairment in critically ill patients and is an independent risk factor for mortality. An elevated level of unmeasured anions is another unfavourable prognostic marker in many disease entities. While the biochemical nature of unmeasured anions is unknown, data suggest that they may be released from the liver. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether the strong ion gap-the gold standard for estimation of unmeasured anions-is elevated and associated with outcome in patients with hypoxic hepatitis.METHODS: One hundred and five consecutive patients with hypoxic hepatitis admitted to the (intensive care unit) ICU of a university hospital were prospectively included in the study and compared with 15 healthy controls.RESULTS: Compared with the controls, patients with hypoxic hepatitis had an elevated strong ion gap (4.0 ± 2.6 vs. 7.8 ± 4.0 mmol/L; p = 0.0002) that contributed to metabolic acidosis. Patients dying within 5 days had a larger strong ion gap upon admission than did patients surviving beyond 5 days. The mean strong ion gap (SIG) over the course of the first 5 days after admission to the ICU was 1.3 mmol/L (0.3-2.3 mmol/L) larger in patients who died compared with patients who survived, p = 0.008. In multivariate Cox-regression, larger strong ion gaps were associated with shorter survival time. The SIG correlated positively with both AST and ALT.CONCLUSIONS: Unmeasured anions are elevated in patients with hypoxic hepatitis, contribute to metabolic acidosis and are associated with mortality. The liver is a possible source of the unmeasured anions, which may represent markers of tissue damage in hypoxic hepatitis.
KW - Acidosis
KW - Anions
KW - Anoxia
KW - Austria
KW - Biological Markers
KW - Comorbidity
KW - Female
KW - Hepatitis
KW - Humans
KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
KW - Incidence
KW - Male
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Prognosis
KW - Risk Factors
KW - Survival Analysis
KW - Survival Rate
U2 - 10.1007/s00508-013-0400-9
DO - 10.1007/s00508-013-0400-9
M3 - SCORING: Journal article
C2 - 23860697
VL - 125
SP - 474
EP - 480
JO - WIEN KLIN WOCHENSCHR
JF - WIEN KLIN WOCHENSCHR
SN - 0043-5325
IS - 15-16
ER -