Toward prediction of immune mechanisms and design of immunotherapies in melanoma

TY - JOUR

T1 - Toward prediction of immune mechanisms and design of immunotherapies in melanoma

AU - Tsoka, Sophia

AU - Ainali, Chrysanthi

AU - Karagiannis, Panagiotis

AU - Josephs, Debra H

AU - Saul, Louise

AU - Nestle, Frank O

AU - Karagiannis, Sophia N

PY - 2012

Y1 - 2012

N2 - Malignant melanoma, the most lethal skin cancer, is considered as a representative model for cross talk between immune responses and malignancy. Efforts to elucidate the nature of these interactions have translated into immunotherapeutic strategies. Adjuvant therapeutics such as IL-2 and IFNα2b have reached clinical application, and emerging therapies targeting key immunomodulatory molecules such as CTLA-4 have renewed excitement in the field, highlighting the potential of manipulating immune responses in the clinical setting, but also the merits for further elucidating complex underlying immunological pathways. Screening technologies have yielded new insights leading to identification of biomarkers for disease prognosis and applied clinical immunotherapies. The promise of systems biology is to integrate diverse biomedical characterizations into detailed models of underlying mechanisms and therapies through suitable computational and mathematical formalisms. In this review, we discuss recent developments in dissecting the complex and diverse immune responses associated with melanoma through both computational and experimental means. We show the significance of devising new, improved approaches that can better serve as models of immune interactions and therapies. We propose that efforts in this direction may realize the potential of personalized medicine and facilitate development of the next generation of efficacious tools to treat patients.

AB - Malignant melanoma, the most lethal skin cancer, is considered as a representative model for cross talk between immune responses and malignancy. Efforts to elucidate the nature of these interactions have translated into immunotherapeutic strategies. Adjuvant therapeutics such as IL-2 and IFNα2b have reached clinical application, and emerging therapies targeting key immunomodulatory molecules such as CTLA-4 have renewed excitement in the field, highlighting the potential of manipulating immune responses in the clinical setting, but also the merits for further elucidating complex underlying immunological pathways. Screening technologies have yielded new insights leading to identification of biomarkers for disease prognosis and applied clinical immunotherapies. The promise of systems biology is to integrate diverse biomedical characterizations into detailed models of underlying mechanisms and therapies through suitable computational and mathematical formalisms. In this review, we discuss recent developments in dissecting the complex and diverse immune responses associated with melanoma through both computational and experimental means. We show the significance of devising new, improved approaches that can better serve as models of immune interactions and therapies. We propose that efforts in this direction may realize the potential of personalized medicine and facilitate development of the next generation of efficacious tools to treat patients.

KW - Animals

KW - Computer Simulation

KW - Cytokines/immunology

KW - Humans

KW - Immunity, Innate/immunology

KW - Immunotherapy/methods

KW - Melanoma/immunology

KW - Models, Immunological

KW - Skin Neoplasms/immunology

U2 - 10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.v40.i4.40

DO - 10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.v40.i4.40

M3 - SCORING: Review article

C2 - 23140120

VL - 40

SP - 279

EP - 294

JO - CRIT REV BIOMED ENG

JF - CRIT REV BIOMED ENG

SN - 0278-940X

IS - 4

ER -