The Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) reconsidered
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The Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) reconsidered : validation and reference values from different clinical and healthy adult samples. / Fliege, Herbert; Rose, Matthias; Arck, Petra; Walter, Otto B; Kocalevent, Rueya-Daniela; Weber, Cora; Klapp, Burghard F.
in: PSYCHOSOM MED, Jahrgang 67, Nr. 1, 2005, S. 78-88.Publikationen: SCORING: Beitrag in Fachzeitschrift/Zeitung › SCORING: Zeitschriftenaufsatz › Forschung › Begutachtung
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TY - JOUR
T1 - The Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) reconsidered
T2 - validation and reference values from different clinical and healthy adult samples
AU - Fliege, Herbert
AU - Rose, Matthias
AU - Arck, Petra
AU - Walter, Otto B
AU - Kocalevent, Rueya-Daniela
AU - Weber, Cora
AU - Klapp, Burghard F
PY - 2005
Y1 - 2005
N2 - OBJECTIVE: The aim was to translate, revise, and standardize the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) by Levenstein et al. (1993) in German. The instrument assesses subjectively experienced stress independent of a specific and objective occasion.METHODS: Exploratory factor analyses and a revision of the scale content were carried out on a sample of 650 subjects (Psychosomatic Medicine patients, women after delivery, women after miscarriage, and students). Confirmatory analyses and examination of structural stability across subgroups were carried out on a second sample of 1,808 subjects (psychosomatic, tinnitus, inflammatory bowel disease patients, pregnant women, healthy adults) using linear structural equation modeling and multisample analyses. External validation included immunological measures in women who had suffered a miscarriage.RESULTS: Four factors (worries, tension, joy, demands) emerged, with 5 items each, as compared with the 30 items of the original PSQ. The factor structure was confirmed on the second sample. Multisample analyses yielded a fair structural stability across groups. Reliability values were satisfactory. Findings suggest that three scales represent internal stress reactions, whereas the scale "demands" relates to perceived external stressors. Significant and meaningful differences between groups indicate differential validity. A higher degree of certain immunological imbalances after miscarriage (presumably linked to pregnancy loss) was found in those women who had a higher stress score. Sensitivity to change was demonstrated in two different treatment samples.CONCLUSION: We propose the revised PSQ as a valid and economic tool for stress research. The overall score permits comparison with results from earlier studies using the original instrument.
AB - OBJECTIVE: The aim was to translate, revise, and standardize the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) by Levenstein et al. (1993) in German. The instrument assesses subjectively experienced stress independent of a specific and objective occasion.METHODS: Exploratory factor analyses and a revision of the scale content were carried out on a sample of 650 subjects (Psychosomatic Medicine patients, women after delivery, women after miscarriage, and students). Confirmatory analyses and examination of structural stability across subgroups were carried out on a second sample of 1,808 subjects (psychosomatic, tinnitus, inflammatory bowel disease patients, pregnant women, healthy adults) using linear structural equation modeling and multisample analyses. External validation included immunological measures in women who had suffered a miscarriage.RESULTS: Four factors (worries, tension, joy, demands) emerged, with 5 items each, as compared with the 30 items of the original PSQ. The factor structure was confirmed on the second sample. Multisample analyses yielded a fair structural stability across groups. Reliability values were satisfactory. Findings suggest that three scales represent internal stress reactions, whereas the scale "demands" relates to perceived external stressors. Significant and meaningful differences between groups indicate differential validity. A higher degree of certain immunological imbalances after miscarriage (presumably linked to pregnancy loss) was found in those women who had a higher stress score. Sensitivity to change was demonstrated in two different treatment samples.CONCLUSION: We propose the revised PSQ as a valid and economic tool for stress research. The overall score permits comparison with results from earlier studies using the original instrument.
KW - Abortion, Spontaneous/diagnosis
KW - Adolescent
KW - Adult
KW - Age Factors
KW - Aged
KW - Factor Analysis, Statistical
KW - Female
KW - Health Status
KW - Humans
KW - Male
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Postpartum Period/psychology
KW - Pregnancy
KW - Pregnancy Outcome/psychology
KW - Psychometrics
KW - Psychophysiologic Disorders/diagnosis
KW - Reference Values
KW - Reproducibility of Results
KW - Stress, Psychological/diagnosis
KW - Students/psychology
KW - Surveys and Questionnaires
U2 - 10.1097/01.psy.0000151491.80178.78
DO - 10.1097/01.psy.0000151491.80178.78
M3 - SCORING: Journal article
C2 - 15673628
VL - 67
SP - 78
EP - 88
JO - PSYCHOSOM MED
JF - PSYCHOSOM MED
SN - 0033-3174
IS - 1
ER -
