Primary prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections in patients with haematological malignancies: 2017 update of the recommendations of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society for Haematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO)

TY - JOUR

T1 - Primary prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections in patients with haematological malignancies: 2017 update of the recommendations of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society for Haematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO)

AU - Mellinghoff, Sibylle C

AU - Panse, Jens

AU - Alakel, Nael

AU - Behre, Gerhard

AU - Buchheidt, Dieter

AU - Christopeit, Maximilian

AU - Hasenkamp, Justin

AU - Kiehl, Michael

AU - Koldehoff, Michael

AU - Krause, Stefan W

AU - Lehners, Nicola

AU - von Lilienfeld-Toal, Marie

AU - Löhnert, Annika Y

AU - Maschmeyer, Georg

AU - Teschner, Daniel

AU - Ullmann, Andrew J

AU - Penack, Olaf

AU - Ruhnke, Markus

AU - Mayer, Karin

AU - Ostermann, Helmut

AU - Wolf, Hans-H

AU - Cornely, Oliver A

PY - 2018/2

Y1 - 2018/2

N2 - Immunocompromised patients are at high risk of invasive fungal infections (IFI), in particular those with haematological malignancies undergoing remission-induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and recipients of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT). Despite the development of new treatment options in the past decades, IFI remains a concern due to substantial morbidity and mortality in these patient populations. In addition, the increasing use of new immune modulating drugs in cancer therapy has opened an entirely new spectrum of at risk periods. Since the last edition of antifungal prophylaxis recommendations of the German Society for Haematology and Medical Oncology in 2014, seven clinical trials regarding antifungal prophylaxis in patients with haematological malignancies have been published, comprising 1227 patients. This update assesses the impact of this additional evidence and effective revisions. Our key recommendations are the following: prophylaxis should be performed with posaconazole delayed release tablets during remission induction chemotherapy for AML and MDS (AI). Posaconazole iv can be used when the oral route is contraindicated or not feasible. Intravenous liposomal amphotericin B did not significantly decrease IFI rates in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) patients during induction chemotherapy, and there is poor evidence to recommend it for prophylaxis in these patients (CI). Despite substantial risk of IFI, we cannot provide a stronger recommendation for these patients. There is poor evidence regarding voriconazole prophylaxis in patients with neutropenia (CII). Therapeutic drug monitoring TDM should be performed within 2 to 5 days of initiating voriconazole prophylaxis and should be repeated in case of suspicious adverse events or of dose changes of interacting drugs (BIItu). General TDM during posaconazole prophylaxis is not recommended (CIItu), but may be helpful in cases of clinical failure such as breakthrough IFI for verification of compliance or absorption.

AB - Immunocompromised patients are at high risk of invasive fungal infections (IFI), in particular those with haematological malignancies undergoing remission-induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and recipients of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT). Despite the development of new treatment options in the past decades, IFI remains a concern due to substantial morbidity and mortality in these patient populations. In addition, the increasing use of new immune modulating drugs in cancer therapy has opened an entirely new spectrum of at risk periods. Since the last edition of antifungal prophylaxis recommendations of the German Society for Haematology and Medical Oncology in 2014, seven clinical trials regarding antifungal prophylaxis in patients with haematological malignancies have been published, comprising 1227 patients. This update assesses the impact of this additional evidence and effective revisions. Our key recommendations are the following: prophylaxis should be performed with posaconazole delayed release tablets during remission induction chemotherapy for AML and MDS (AI). Posaconazole iv can be used when the oral route is contraindicated or not feasible. Intravenous liposomal amphotericin B did not significantly decrease IFI rates in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) patients during induction chemotherapy, and there is poor evidence to recommend it for prophylaxis in these patients (CI). Despite substantial risk of IFI, we cannot provide a stronger recommendation for these patients. There is poor evidence regarding voriconazole prophylaxis in patients with neutropenia (CII). Therapeutic drug monitoring TDM should be performed within 2 to 5 days of initiating voriconazole prophylaxis and should be repeated in case of suspicious adverse events or of dose changes of interacting drugs (BIItu). General TDM during posaconazole prophylaxis is not recommended (CIItu), but may be helpful in cases of clinical failure such as breakthrough IFI for verification of compliance or absorption.

KW - Antifungal Agents

KW - Clinical Trials as Topic

KW - Drug Monitoring

KW - Hematology

KW - Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

KW - Humans

KW - Immunocompromised Host

KW - Induction Chemotherapy

KW - Invasive Fungal Infections

KW - Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute

KW - Medical Oncology

KW - Myelodysplastic Syndromes

KW - Primary Prevention

KW - Societies, Medical

KW - Triazoles

KW - Voriconazole

KW - Journal Article

KW - Practice Guideline

KW - Review

U2 - 10.1007/s00277-017-3196-2

DO - 10.1007/s00277-017-3196-2

M3 - SCORING: Review article

C2 - 29218389

VL - 97

SP - 197

EP - 207

JO - ANN HEMATOL

JF - ANN HEMATOL

SN - 0939-5555

IS - 2

ER -