Since cognitive behavioural (CBT) and psychodynamic (PDT) approaches treat patients with comparable disorder spectrums, yet at the same time show very different fundamental concepts, training modalities and treatment rationale, a comparison of the process and outcome of these methods becomes particularly significant. The present article offers an overview of the significance of comparative process research as well as of the theoretical and, in particular, the empirical knowledge concerning the difference between CBT and PDT at the process level (therapeutic interventions, contents and styles). Results show that CBT and PDT display pronounced differences in a broader spectrum of process variables not only on the basis of their theoretical conceptions but also referring to empirical data. While at least within the framework of experimental designs the general result of different profiles can be considered robust, statements concerning the actual treatment practice and clinical routines can only be made on a very isolated basis due to a lack of naturalistic studies. The need for research which can be derived from this, as well as further necessary developments in the field of comparative process research are discussed.
