Neuroprotection by acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate against NMDA-induced RGC damage in rat--possible involvement of kynurenic acid
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Neuroprotection by acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate against NMDA-induced RGC damage in rat--possible involvement of kynurenic acid. / Thaler, Sebastian; Choragiewicz, Tomasz J; Rejdak, Robert; Fiedorowicz, Michal; Turski, Waldemar A; Tulidowicz-Bielak, Maria; Zrenner, Eberhart; Schuettauf, Frank; Zarnowski, Tomasz.
in: GRAEF ARCH CLIN EXP, Jahrgang 248, Nr. 12, 12.2010, S. 1729-35.Publikationen: SCORING: Beitrag in Fachzeitschrift/Zeitung › SCORING: Zeitschriftenaufsatz › Forschung › Begutachtung
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T1 - Neuroprotection by acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate against NMDA-induced RGC damage in rat--possible involvement of kynurenic acid
AU - Thaler, Sebastian
AU - Choragiewicz, Tomasz J
AU - Rejdak, Robert
AU - Fiedorowicz, Michal
AU - Turski, Waldemar A
AU - Tulidowicz-Bielak, Maria
AU - Zrenner, Eberhart
AU - Schuettauf, Frank
AU - Zarnowski, Tomasz
PY - 2010/12
Y1 - 2010/12
N2 - PURPOSE: This study investigated the effects of systemically administered lithium acetoacetate (ACA) and sodium β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in a rat model of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced damage of retinal ganglion cells (RGC). Additionally, the influence of ACA and BHB on kynurenic acid (KYNA) production was assessed in vitro in bovine retinal slices.METHODS: Female adult Brown-Norway rats in groups of 5-8 animals were used. ACA and BHB were administered intraperitoneally once a day for 21 consecutive days, and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was administered to control animals. After 2 weeks, the animals received intraocular NMDA (2 μl of a 10 mM solution in PBS) or intraocular PBS as a control. On day 19, retinal ganglion cells were labeled retrogradely with hydroxystilbamidine. Two days later, RGC density (cells per mm(2)) was assessed on retinal flatmounts. Additionaly, bovine retinal slices were incubated with NMDA and ACA or BHB at concentrations of 1.0 mM and 3.0 mM, and de novo KYNA production was measured using HPLC.RESULTS: Intraperitoneal ACA (250 mg/kg) or BHB (291.2 mg/kg) significantly protected RGC against NMDA-induced neurodegeneration. De novo KYNA production in bovine retinal slices was lowered by NMDA. Both ACA and BHB at a concentration of 3.0 mM significantly reduced the effects of NMDA.CONCLUSIONS: ACA and BHB had a significant dose-dependent neuroprotective effect on RGC in a rat model of NMDA-induced RGC damage. Both ketone bodies also significantly attenuated NMDA-induced reduction of retinal KYNA production in vitro, suggesting that this mechanism may be essential for the neuroprotective effects of ACA and BHB in vivo. Our results imply that ketone bodies may represent an additional treatment option in chronic neurodegenerative disorders of the eye.
AB - PURPOSE: This study investigated the effects of systemically administered lithium acetoacetate (ACA) and sodium β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in a rat model of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced damage of retinal ganglion cells (RGC). Additionally, the influence of ACA and BHB on kynurenic acid (KYNA) production was assessed in vitro in bovine retinal slices.METHODS: Female adult Brown-Norway rats in groups of 5-8 animals were used. ACA and BHB were administered intraperitoneally once a day for 21 consecutive days, and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was administered to control animals. After 2 weeks, the animals received intraocular NMDA (2 μl of a 10 mM solution in PBS) or intraocular PBS as a control. On day 19, retinal ganglion cells were labeled retrogradely with hydroxystilbamidine. Two days later, RGC density (cells per mm(2)) was assessed on retinal flatmounts. Additionaly, bovine retinal slices were incubated with NMDA and ACA or BHB at concentrations of 1.0 mM and 3.0 mM, and de novo KYNA production was measured using HPLC.RESULTS: Intraperitoneal ACA (250 mg/kg) or BHB (291.2 mg/kg) significantly protected RGC against NMDA-induced neurodegeneration. De novo KYNA production in bovine retinal slices was lowered by NMDA. Both ACA and BHB at a concentration of 3.0 mM significantly reduced the effects of NMDA.CONCLUSIONS: ACA and BHB had a significant dose-dependent neuroprotective effect on RGC in a rat model of NMDA-induced RGC damage. Both ketone bodies also significantly attenuated NMDA-induced reduction of retinal KYNA production in vitro, suggesting that this mechanism may be essential for the neuroprotective effects of ACA and BHB in vivo. Our results imply that ketone bodies may represent an additional treatment option in chronic neurodegenerative disorders of the eye.
KW - 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid/administration & dosage
KW - Acetoacetates/administration & dosage
KW - Animals
KW - Cell Count
KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
KW - Female
KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal
KW - Kynurenic Acid/metabolism
KW - N-Methylaspartate/toxicity
KW - Neuroprotective Agents/administration & dosage
KW - Rats
KW - Rats, Inbred BN
KW - Retinal Ganglion Cells/cytology
U2 - 10.1007/s00417-010-1425-7
DO - 10.1007/s00417-010-1425-7
M3 - SCORING: Journal article
C2 - 20532550
VL - 248
SP - 1729
EP - 1735
JO - GRAEF ARCH CLIN EXP
JF - GRAEF ARCH CLIN EXP
SN - 0721-832X
IS - 12
ER -