Kidney dendritic cells: fundamental biology and functional roles in health and disease

TY - JOUR

T1 - Kidney dendritic cells: fundamental biology and functional roles in health and disease

AU - Kurts, Christian

AU - Ginhoux, Florent

AU - Panzer, Ulf

PY - 2020/7

Y1 - 2020/7

N2 - Dendritic cells (DCs) are chief inducers of adaptive immunity and regulate local inflammatory responses across the body. Together with macrophages, the other main type of mononuclear phagocyte, DCs constitute the most abundant component of the intrarenal immune system. This network of functionally specialized immune cells constantly surveys its microenvironment for signs of injury or infection, which trigger the initiation of an immune response. In the healthy kidney, DCs coordinate effective immune responses, for example, by recruiting neutrophils for bacterial clearance in pyelonephritis. The pro-inflammatory actions of DCs can, however, also contribute to tissue damage in various types of acute kidney injury and chronic glomerulonephritis, as DCs recruit and activate effector T cells, which release toxic mediators and maintain tubulointerstitial immune infiltrates. These actions are counterbalanced by DC subsets that promote the activation and maintenance of regulatory T cells to support resolution of the immune response and allow kidney repair. Several studies have investigated the multiple roles for DCs in kidney homeostasis and disease, but it has become clear that current tools and subset markers are not sufficient to accurately distinguish DCs from macrophages. Multidimensional transcriptomic analysis studies promise to improve mononuclear phagocyte classification and provide a clearer view of DC ontogeny and subsets.

AB - Dendritic cells (DCs) are chief inducers of adaptive immunity and regulate local inflammatory responses across the body. Together with macrophages, the other main type of mononuclear phagocyte, DCs constitute the most abundant component of the intrarenal immune system. This network of functionally specialized immune cells constantly surveys its microenvironment for signs of injury or infection, which trigger the initiation of an immune response. In the healthy kidney, DCs coordinate effective immune responses, for example, by recruiting neutrophils for bacterial clearance in pyelonephritis. The pro-inflammatory actions of DCs can, however, also contribute to tissue damage in various types of acute kidney injury and chronic glomerulonephritis, as DCs recruit and activate effector T cells, which release toxic mediators and maintain tubulointerstitial immune infiltrates. These actions are counterbalanced by DC subsets that promote the activation and maintenance of regulatory T cells to support resolution of the immune response and allow kidney repair. Several studies have investigated the multiple roles for DCs in kidney homeostasis and disease, but it has become clear that current tools and subset markers are not sufficient to accurately distinguish DCs from macrophages. Multidimensional transcriptomic analysis studies promise to improve mononuclear phagocyte classification and provide a clearer view of DC ontogeny and subsets.

KW - Acute Kidney Injury/immunology

KW - Dendritic Cells/cytology

KW - Gene Expression Profiling

KW - Glomerulonephritis/immunology

KW - Humans

KW - Inflammation/immunology

KW - Kidney/cytology

KW - Lymphocyte Activation/immunology

KW - Macrophages/immunology

KW - Neutrophils/immunology

KW - Pyelonephritis/immunology

KW - T-Lymphocytes/immunology

KW - T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology

U2 - 10.1038/s41581-020-0272-y

DO - 10.1038/s41581-020-0272-y

M3 - SCORING: Review article

C2 - 32372062

VL - 16

SP - 391

EP - 407

JO - NAT REV NEPHROL

JF - NAT REV NEPHROL

SN - 1759-5061

IS - 7

ER -