Intracellular and extracellular microRNA: An update on localization and biological role
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Intracellular and extracellular microRNA: An update on localization and biological role. / Makarova, Julia A; Shkurnikov, Maxim U; Wicklein, Daniel; Lange, Tobias; Samatov, Timur R; Turchinovich, Andrey A; Tonevitsky, Alexander G.
in: PROG HISTOCHEM CYTO, Jahrgang 51, Nr. 3-4, 11.2016, S. 33-49.Publikationen: SCORING: Beitrag in Fachzeitschrift/Zeitung › SCORING: Zeitschriftenaufsatz › Forschung › Begutachtung
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Intracellular and extracellular microRNA: An update on localization and biological role
AU - Makarova, Julia A
AU - Shkurnikov, Maxim U
AU - Wicklein, Daniel
AU - Lange, Tobias
AU - Samatov, Timur R
AU - Turchinovich, Andrey A
AU - Tonevitsky, Alexander G
N1 - Copyright © 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
PY - 2016/11
Y1 - 2016/11
N2 - MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of small non-coding RNAs which mediate post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) by sequence-specific inhibition of target mRNAs translation and/or lowering their half-lives in the cytoplasm. Together with their binding partners, Argonaute (AGO) proteins, miRNAs form cores of RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISC). Despite a substantial progress in understanding RISC structure, until recently little was known about its localization in the cell. This review is aimed to provide an overview of the emerging picture of miRNA and RISC localization and function both in the intracellular space and outside of the cell. In contrast to the common assumption that PTGS occurs in the cytoplasm, it was found to operate mainly on the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Besides ER membranes miRNAs were found in all main cellular compartments including nucleus, nucleolus and mitochondria where they regulate various processes including transcription, translation, alternative splicing and DNA repair. Moreover, a certain pool of miRNAs may not be associated with RISC and carry completely different functions. Finally, the discovery of cell-free miRNAs in all biological fluids suggests that miRNAs might also act as signaling molecules outside the cell, and may be utilized as biomarkers for a variety of diseases. In this review we discuss miRNA secretion mechanisms and possible pathways of cell-cell communication via miRNA-containing exosomes in vivo.
AB - MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of small non-coding RNAs which mediate post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) by sequence-specific inhibition of target mRNAs translation and/or lowering their half-lives in the cytoplasm. Together with their binding partners, Argonaute (AGO) proteins, miRNAs form cores of RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISC). Despite a substantial progress in understanding RISC structure, until recently little was known about its localization in the cell. This review is aimed to provide an overview of the emerging picture of miRNA and RISC localization and function both in the intracellular space and outside of the cell. In contrast to the common assumption that PTGS occurs in the cytoplasm, it was found to operate mainly on the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Besides ER membranes miRNAs were found in all main cellular compartments including nucleus, nucleolus and mitochondria where they regulate various processes including transcription, translation, alternative splicing and DNA repair. Moreover, a certain pool of miRNAs may not be associated with RISC and carry completely different functions. Finally, the discovery of cell-free miRNAs in all biological fluids suggests that miRNAs might also act as signaling molecules outside the cell, and may be utilized as biomarkers for a variety of diseases. In this review we discuss miRNA secretion mechanisms and possible pathways of cell-cell communication via miRNA-containing exosomes in vivo.
U2 - 10.1016/j.proghi.2016.06.001
DO - 10.1016/j.proghi.2016.06.001
M3 - SCORING: Journal article
C2 - 27396686
VL - 51
SP - 33
EP - 49
JO - PROG HISTOCHEM CYTO
JF - PROG HISTOCHEM CYTO
SN - 0079-6336
IS - 3-4
ER -