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Imported Malaria in countries where malaria is not endemic A comparison of semi-immune and nonimmune travelers

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Imported Malaria in countries where malaria is not endemic A comparison of semi-immune and nonimmune travelers. / Mischlinger, Johannes; Rönnberg, Caroline; Álvarez-Martínez, Míriam J.; Bühler, Silja; Paul, Małgorzata; Schlagenhauf, Patricia; Petersen, Eskild; Ramharter, Michael.

in: CLIN MICROBIOL REV, Jahrgang 33, Nr. 2, e00104-19, 18.03.2020.

Publikationen: SCORING: Beitrag in Fachzeitschrift/Zeitung › SCORING: Review › Forschung

Harvard

Mischlinger, J, Rönnberg, C, Álvarez-Martínez, MJ, Bühler, S, Paul, M, Schlagenhauf, P, Petersen, E & Ramharter, M 2020, 'Imported Malaria in countries where malaria is not endemic A comparison of semi-immune and nonimmune travelers', CLIN MICROBIOL REV, Jg. 33, Nr. 2, e00104-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00104-19

APA

Mischlinger, J., Rönnberg, C., Álvarez-Martínez, M. J., Bühler, S., Paul, M., Schlagenhauf, P., Petersen, E., & Ramharter, M. (2020). Imported Malaria in countries where malaria is not endemic A comparison of semi-immune and nonimmune travelers. CLIN MICROBIOL REV, 33(2), [e00104-19]. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00104-19

Vancouver

Mischlinger J, Rönnberg C, Álvarez-Martínez MJ, Bühler S, Paul M, Schlagenhauf P et al. Imported Malaria in countries where malaria is not endemic A comparison of semi-immune and nonimmune travelers. CLIN MICROBIOL REV. 2020 Mär 18;33(2). e00104-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00104-19

Bibtex

@article{96fd66cad4c24c73ba3fc1492f0713c0,
title = "Imported Malaria in countries where malaria is not endemic A comparison of semi-immune and nonimmune travelers",
abstract = "The continuous increase in long-distance travel and recent large migratory movements have changed the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in countries where malaria is not endemic (here termed non-malaria-endemic countries). While malaria was primarily imported to nonendemic countries by returning travelers, the proportion of immigrants from malaria-endemic regions and travel-ers visiting friends and relatives (VFRs) in malaria-endemic countries has continued to increase. VFRs and immigrants from malaria-endemic countries now make up the majority of malaria patients in many nonendemic countries. Importantly, this group is characterized by various degrees of semi-immunity to malaria, resulting from repeated exposure to infection and a gradual decline of protection as a result of prolonged residence in non-malaria-endemic regions. Most studies indicate an effect of naturally acquired immunity in VFRs, leading to differences in the parasitological features, clinical manifestation, and odds for severe malaria and clinical complications between immune VFRs and nonimmune returning travelers. There are no valid data indicating evidence for differing algorithms for chemoprophylaxis or antimalarial treatment in semi-immune versus nonimmune malaria patients. So far, no robust biomarkers exist that properly reflect anti-parasite or clinical immunity. Until they are found, researchers should rigorously stratify their study results using surrogate markers, such as duration of time spent outside a malaria-endemic country.",
keywords = "Clinical characteristics, Diagnosis, Europe, Imported, Malaria, Nonimmune, Prophylaxis, Semi-immune, Treatment, VFR",
author = "Johannes Mischlinger and Caroline R{\"o}nnberg and {\'A}lvarez-Mart{\'i}nez, {M{\'i}riam J.} and Silja B{\"u}hler and Ma{\l}gorzata Paul and Patricia Schlagenhauf and Eskild Petersen and Michael Ramharter",
note = "Copyright {\textcopyright} 2020 American Society for Microbiology.",
year = "2020",
month = mar,
day = "18",
doi = "10.1128/CMR.00104-19",
language = "English",
volume = "33",
journal = "CLIN MICROBIOL REV",
issn = "0893-8512",
publisher = "American Society for Microbiology",
number = "2",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Imported Malaria in countries where malaria is not endemic A comparison of semi-immune and nonimmune travelers

AU - Mischlinger, Johannes

AU - Rönnberg, Caroline

AU - Álvarez-Martínez, Míriam J.

AU - Bühler, Silja

AU - Paul, Małgorzata

AU - Schlagenhauf, Patricia

AU - Petersen, Eskild

AU - Ramharter, Michael

N1 - Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology.

PY - 2020/3/18

Y1 - 2020/3/18

N2 - The continuous increase in long-distance travel and recent large migratory movements have changed the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in countries where malaria is not endemic (here termed non-malaria-endemic countries). While malaria was primarily imported to nonendemic countries by returning travelers, the proportion of immigrants from malaria-endemic regions and travel-ers visiting friends and relatives (VFRs) in malaria-endemic countries has continued to increase. VFRs and immigrants from malaria-endemic countries now make up the majority of malaria patients in many nonendemic countries. Importantly, this group is characterized by various degrees of semi-immunity to malaria, resulting from repeated exposure to infection and a gradual decline of protection as a result of prolonged residence in non-malaria-endemic regions. Most studies indicate an effect of naturally acquired immunity in VFRs, leading to differences in the parasitological features, clinical manifestation, and odds for severe malaria and clinical complications between immune VFRs and nonimmune returning travelers. There are no valid data indicating evidence for differing algorithms for chemoprophylaxis or antimalarial treatment in semi-immune versus nonimmune malaria patients. So far, no robust biomarkers exist that properly reflect anti-parasite or clinical immunity. Until they are found, researchers should rigorously stratify their study results using surrogate markers, such as duration of time spent outside a malaria-endemic country.

AB - The continuous increase in long-distance travel and recent large migratory movements have changed the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in countries where malaria is not endemic (here termed non-malaria-endemic countries). While malaria was primarily imported to nonendemic countries by returning travelers, the proportion of immigrants from malaria-endemic regions and travel-ers visiting friends and relatives (VFRs) in malaria-endemic countries has continued to increase. VFRs and immigrants from malaria-endemic countries now make up the majority of malaria patients in many nonendemic countries. Importantly, this group is characterized by various degrees of semi-immunity to malaria, resulting from repeated exposure to infection and a gradual decline of protection as a result of prolonged residence in non-malaria-endemic regions. Most studies indicate an effect of naturally acquired immunity in VFRs, leading to differences in the parasitological features, clinical manifestation, and odds for severe malaria and clinical complications between immune VFRs and nonimmune returning travelers. There are no valid data indicating evidence for differing algorithms for chemoprophylaxis or antimalarial treatment in semi-immune versus nonimmune malaria patients. So far, no robust biomarkers exist that properly reflect anti-parasite or clinical immunity. Until they are found, researchers should rigorously stratify their study results using surrogate markers, such as duration of time spent outside a malaria-endemic country.

KW - Clinical characteristics

KW - Diagnosis

KW - Europe

KW - Imported

KW - Malaria

KW - Nonimmune

KW - Prophylaxis

KW - Semi-immune

KW - Treatment

KW - VFR

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85081680292&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1128/CMR.00104-19

DO - 10.1128/CMR.00104-19

M3 - SCORING: Review article

C2 - 32161068

AN - SCOPUS:85081680292

VL - 33

JO - CLIN MICROBIOL REV

JF - CLIN MICROBIOL REV

SN - 0893-8512

IS - 2

M1 - e00104-19

ER -