Endothelial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species production in ischemia/reperfusion and nitrate tolerance
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Endothelial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species production in ischemia/reperfusion and nitrate tolerance. / Szocs, K.
in: GEN PHYSIOL BIOPHYS, Jahrgang 23, Nr. 3, 09.2004, S. 265-295.Publikationen: SCORING: Beitrag in Fachzeitschrift/Zeitung › SCORING: Review › Forschung
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Endothelial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species production in ischemia/reperfusion and nitrate tolerance
AU - Szocs, K
PY - 2004/9
Y1 - 2004/9
N2 - Reactive oxygen species (ROS), as superoxide and its metabolites, have important roles in vascular homeostasis as they are involved in various signaling processes. In many cardiovascular disease states, however, the release of ROS is increased. Uncontrolled ROS production leads to impaired endothelial function and consequently to vascular dysfunction. This review focuses on two clinical conditions associated with elevated ROS levels: ischemia/reperfusion and nitrate tolerance. Injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion is an important limitation of transplantations, and complicates the management of stroke and myocardial infarction. Nitrates, which are used to treat transient myocardial ischemia (angina pectoris), decrease in efficacy in long-term continuous administration. There are several enzyme systems, such as xanthine oxidase, cyclooxygenase, uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase, NAD(P)H oxidase, cytochrome P450 and the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which are responsible for the increased vascular production of superoxide. The contribution of particular ROS producing enzymes and the effect of antioxidant treatment are discussed in both pathological conditions.
AB - Reactive oxygen species (ROS), as superoxide and its metabolites, have important roles in vascular homeostasis as they are involved in various signaling processes. In many cardiovascular disease states, however, the release of ROS is increased. Uncontrolled ROS production leads to impaired endothelial function and consequently to vascular dysfunction. This review focuses on two clinical conditions associated with elevated ROS levels: ischemia/reperfusion and nitrate tolerance. Injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion is an important limitation of transplantations, and complicates the management of stroke and myocardial infarction. Nitrates, which are used to treat transient myocardial ischemia (angina pectoris), decrease in efficacy in long-term continuous administration. There are several enzyme systems, such as xanthine oxidase, cyclooxygenase, uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase, NAD(P)H oxidase, cytochrome P450 and the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which are responsible for the increased vascular production of superoxide. The contribution of particular ROS producing enzymes and the effect of antioxidant treatment are discussed in both pathological conditions.
KW - Animals
KW - Antioxidants/therapeutic use
KW - Blood Vessels/drug effects
KW - Drug Tolerance
KW - Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
KW - Humans
KW - Nitrates/therapeutic use
KW - Nitric Oxide/metabolism
KW - Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
KW - Reperfusion Injury/complications
KW - Vascular Diseases/complications
M3 - SCORING: Review article
C2 - 15638116
VL - 23
SP - 265
EP - 295
JO - GEN PHYSIOL BIOPHYS
JF - GEN PHYSIOL BIOPHYS
SN - 0231-5882
IS - 3
ER -