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Disaccharides in urine samples as markers of intravenous abuse of methadone and buprenorphine

Standard

Disaccharides in urine samples as markers of intravenous abuse of methadone and buprenorphine. / Jungen, Hilke; Andresen-Streichert, Hilke; Müller, Alexander; Iwersen-Bergmann, Stefanie.

in: J ANAL TOXICOL, Jahrgang 37, Nr. 9, 2013, S. 652-8.

Publikationen: SCORING: Beitrag in Fachzeitschrift/Zeitung › SCORING: Zeitschriftenaufsatz › Forschung › Begutachtung

Harvard

Jungen, H, Andresen-Streichert, H, Müller, A & Iwersen-Bergmann, S 2013, 'Disaccharides in urine samples as markers of intravenous abuse of methadone and buprenorphine', J ANAL TOXICOL, Jg. 37, Nr. 9, S. 652-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkt086

APA

Jungen, H., Andresen-Streichert, H., Müller, A., & Iwersen-Bergmann, S. (2013). Disaccharides in urine samples as markers of intravenous abuse of methadone and buprenorphine. J ANAL TOXICOL, 37(9), 652-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkt086

Vancouver

Jungen H, Andresen-Streichert H, Müller A, Iwersen-Bergmann S. Disaccharides in urine samples as markers of intravenous abuse of methadone and buprenorphine. J ANAL TOXICOL. 2013;37(9):652-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkt086

Bibtex

@article{bb779f4d71da41d2a8d6cca2a5f90fa0,
title = "Disaccharides in urine samples as markers of intravenous abuse of methadone and buprenorphine",
abstract = "Methadone and buprenorphine are commonly used as oral substitutes in opiate maintenance programs to treat persons who are dependent on heroin. During these programs, patients are not allowed to continue using illicit drugs. Abstinence can easily be monitored by urine tests with immunochemical methods. It is well known that the intravenous abuse of heroin substitutes like methadone or buprenorphine has become common as well. The methadone-prescribing physician has no opportunity to check whether the opiate maintenance treatment patient takes his substitution medicines orally as intended or continues with his intravenous misuse now substituting the methadone instead of injecting heroin. In Germany, substitutes are available as liquids and tablets that contain carbohydrates as adjuvants. Sucrose is used to increase viscosity in liquids, while lactose is needed for pressing tablets (e.g., Methaddict{\textregistered} and Subutex{\textregistered}). In case of oral ingestion, disaccharides are broken down into monosaccharides by disaccharidases in the small intestine. These monosaccharides are absorbed into the blood stream by special monosaccharide transporters. Disaccharidases do not exist in blood, thus sucrose and lactose are not split if substitute medicines are injected intravenously. Our assumption, therefore, was that they are excreted unchanged in urine. We investigated a method for the detection of disaccharides in urine as markers of intravenous abuse of substitutes. Urine samples of 26 intravenous substitute abusers showed all positive results for lactose (76.9%) and/or sucrose (73.1%). The method is assumed to be useful to detect intravenous abuse of substitutes.",
keywords = "Adult, Buprenorphine, Calibration, Carbohydrate Sequence, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Disaccharides, Female, Humans, Indicators and Reagents, Lactose, Male, Methadone, Middle Aged, Molecular Sequence Data, Narcotics, Opioid-Related Disorders, Reproducibility of Results, Substance Abuse Detection, Substance Abuse, Intravenous, Sucrose, Young Adult",
author = "Hilke Jungen and Hilke Andresen-Streichert and Alexander M{\"u}ller and Stefanie Iwersen-Bergmann",
year = "2013",
doi = "10.1093/jat/bkt086",
language = "English",
volume = "37",
pages = "652--8",
journal = "J ANAL TOXICOL",
issn = "0146-4760",
publisher = "Preston Publications",
number = "9",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Disaccharides in urine samples as markers of intravenous abuse of methadone and buprenorphine

AU - Jungen, Hilke

AU - Andresen-Streichert, Hilke

AU - Müller, Alexander

AU - Iwersen-Bergmann, Stefanie

PY - 2013

Y1 - 2013

N2 - Methadone and buprenorphine are commonly used as oral substitutes in opiate maintenance programs to treat persons who are dependent on heroin. During these programs, patients are not allowed to continue using illicit drugs. Abstinence can easily be monitored by urine tests with immunochemical methods. It is well known that the intravenous abuse of heroin substitutes like methadone or buprenorphine has become common as well. The methadone-prescribing physician has no opportunity to check whether the opiate maintenance treatment patient takes his substitution medicines orally as intended or continues with his intravenous misuse now substituting the methadone instead of injecting heroin. In Germany, substitutes are available as liquids and tablets that contain carbohydrates as adjuvants. Sucrose is used to increase viscosity in liquids, while lactose is needed for pressing tablets (e.g., Methaddict® and Subutex®). In case of oral ingestion, disaccharides are broken down into monosaccharides by disaccharidases in the small intestine. These monosaccharides are absorbed into the blood stream by special monosaccharide transporters. Disaccharidases do not exist in blood, thus sucrose and lactose are not split if substitute medicines are injected intravenously. Our assumption, therefore, was that they are excreted unchanged in urine. We investigated a method for the detection of disaccharides in urine as markers of intravenous abuse of substitutes. Urine samples of 26 intravenous substitute abusers showed all positive results for lactose (76.9%) and/or sucrose (73.1%). The method is assumed to be useful to detect intravenous abuse of substitutes.

AB - Methadone and buprenorphine are commonly used as oral substitutes in opiate maintenance programs to treat persons who are dependent on heroin. During these programs, patients are not allowed to continue using illicit drugs. Abstinence can easily be monitored by urine tests with immunochemical methods. It is well known that the intravenous abuse of heroin substitutes like methadone or buprenorphine has become common as well. The methadone-prescribing physician has no opportunity to check whether the opiate maintenance treatment patient takes his substitution medicines orally as intended or continues with his intravenous misuse now substituting the methadone instead of injecting heroin. In Germany, substitutes are available as liquids and tablets that contain carbohydrates as adjuvants. Sucrose is used to increase viscosity in liquids, while lactose is needed for pressing tablets (e.g., Methaddict® and Subutex®). In case of oral ingestion, disaccharides are broken down into monosaccharides by disaccharidases in the small intestine. These monosaccharides are absorbed into the blood stream by special monosaccharide transporters. Disaccharidases do not exist in blood, thus sucrose and lactose are not split if substitute medicines are injected intravenously. Our assumption, therefore, was that they are excreted unchanged in urine. We investigated a method for the detection of disaccharides in urine as markers of intravenous abuse of substitutes. Urine samples of 26 intravenous substitute abusers showed all positive results for lactose (76.9%) and/or sucrose (73.1%). The method is assumed to be useful to detect intravenous abuse of substitutes.

KW - Adult

KW - Buprenorphine

KW - Calibration

KW - Carbohydrate Sequence

KW - Chemistry, Pharmaceutical

KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

KW - Disaccharides

KW - Female

KW - Humans

KW - Indicators and Reagents

KW - Lactose

KW - Male

KW - Methadone

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Molecular Sequence Data

KW - Narcotics

KW - Opioid-Related Disorders

KW - Reproducibility of Results

KW - Substance Abuse Detection

KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous

KW - Sucrose

KW - Young Adult

U2 - 10.1093/jat/bkt086

DO - 10.1093/jat/bkt086

M3 - SCORING: Journal article

C2 - 24099717

VL - 37

SP - 652

EP - 658

JO - J ANAL TOXICOL

JF - J ANAL TOXICOL

SN - 0146-4760

IS - 9

ER -