In this multicenter retrospective study, the long-term outcomes of 878 adults with AML and refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) with BM blasts <10% who underwent transplantation with an HLA-identical sibling donor between 1998 and 2004 were analyzed according to four regimens of conditioning intensity: reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) (either intermediate RIC (IntermRIC) or non-myeloablative (NMA) RIC), and myeloablative conditioning (MC) in 718 patients (either conventional MC or hyperintense MC. In multivariate cox analysis, patients undergoing NMA transplantation had lower non-relapse mortality risk in the first 100 days after transplantation (P<0.01), but a higher risk beyond day +100 (P=0.02), as well as higher relapse incidence in the first 12 months (P<0.01), but the risk was similar in all groups beyond 12 months. The probabilities of PFS and OS up to 7 years were significantly lower only in the NMA subgroup (P?0.01 for both). The 7-year OS was 53%, 29%, 56% and 51%, respectively. Our data suggest that prospective studies comparing RIC regimens (especially IntermRIC) with MC are appropriate in patients with AML and RAEB who are in a non-advanced disease status.
