The purpose of this chapter is to describe the interdisciplinary field of biomechanics and its importance in the evaluation of running. We will shortly describe the basic principles and origins of this scientific field and go into further details of new technical innovations. Then, a comprehensive overview of laboratory and field-based biomechanical analyses will be discussed in the light of implication for injury aetiology and prevention. Finally, we will end with a discussion on new research areas and implications for future research.