Bioavailability of chromium(III)-supplements in rats and humans.
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Bioavailability of chromium(III)-supplements in rats and humans. / Laschinsky, Niels; Kottwitz, Karin; Freund, Barbara; Dresow, Bernd; Fischer, Roland; Nielsen, Peter.
in: BIOMETALS, Jahrgang 25, Nr. 5, 5, 2012, S. 1051-1060.Publikationen: SCORING: Beitrag in Fachzeitschrift/Zeitung › SCORING: Zeitschriftenaufsatz › Forschung › Begutachtung
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Bioavailability of chromium(III)-supplements in rats and humans.
AU - Laschinsky, Niels
AU - Kottwitz, Karin
AU - Freund, Barbara
AU - Dresow, Bernd
AU - Fischer, Roland
AU - Nielsen, Peter
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - Chromium(III) is long regarded as essential trace element but the biochemical function and even basic transport ways in the body are still unclear. For a more rational discussion on beneficial as well as toxic effects of Cr(III), we re-investigated the bioavailability of the most important oral Cr supplements by using radiolabeled compounds and whole-body-counting in rats and in the first time also in humans. The apparent absorption of (51)Cr(III) from Cr-picolinate, Cr-nicotinate, Cr-phenylalaninate, Cr-proprionate, or Cr-chloride was generally low (0.04-0.24 %) in rats with slightly higher values for Cr-chloride and -phenylalaninate. Taking a fast urine excretion into account, the true absorption of (51)Cr was clearly higher for CrPic(3) (0.99 %), probably indicating a different uptake mechanism of this rather stable organic Cr complex. The bioavailability of CrPic(3) and Cr(D: -Phen)(3), the leading compounds in actual investigations, was analysed also in human volunteer by intraindividual comparison. The apparent absorption (=Cr bioavailability) of (51)Cr from both compounds was substantially higher in humans (0.8-1 %) than in rats. Again, most of freshly absorbed CrPic(3) was excreted into the urine resulting in the same low whole-body retention after 7 days for both compounds. In summary, the bioavailability of Cr from pharmaceutical Cr compound is lower than hitherto assumed. Importantly, humans absorb Cr(III) clearly better than rats. The absorption mechanism of CrPic(3) seems to be different from ionic Cr(III) but, as only the same low amount of Cr is retained from this compound, it is also not more bioavailable than other Cr compounds.
AB - Chromium(III) is long regarded as essential trace element but the biochemical function and even basic transport ways in the body are still unclear. For a more rational discussion on beneficial as well as toxic effects of Cr(III), we re-investigated the bioavailability of the most important oral Cr supplements by using radiolabeled compounds and whole-body-counting in rats and in the first time also in humans. The apparent absorption of (51)Cr(III) from Cr-picolinate, Cr-nicotinate, Cr-phenylalaninate, Cr-proprionate, or Cr-chloride was generally low (0.04-0.24 %) in rats with slightly higher values for Cr-chloride and -phenylalaninate. Taking a fast urine excretion into account, the true absorption of (51)Cr was clearly higher for CrPic(3) (0.99 %), probably indicating a different uptake mechanism of this rather stable organic Cr complex. The bioavailability of CrPic(3) and Cr(D: -Phen)(3), the leading compounds in actual investigations, was analysed also in human volunteer by intraindividual comparison. The apparent absorption (=Cr bioavailability) of (51)Cr from both compounds was substantially higher in humans (0.8-1 %) than in rats. Again, most of freshly absorbed CrPic(3) was excreted into the urine resulting in the same low whole-body retention after 7 days for both compounds. In summary, the bioavailability of Cr from pharmaceutical Cr compound is lower than hitherto assumed. Importantly, humans absorb Cr(III) clearly better than rats. The absorption mechanism of CrPic(3) seems to be different from ionic Cr(III) but, as only the same low amount of Cr is retained from this compound, it is also not more bioavailable than other Cr compounds.
KW - Animals
KW - Humans
KW - Aged
KW - Female
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Rats
KW - Rats, Wistar
KW - Administration, Oral
KW - Biological Availability
KW - Injections, Intravenous
KW - Dietary Supplements
KW - Chromium/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics
KW - Chromium Radioisotopes/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics
KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal
KW - Intestinal Absorption
KW - Nicotinic Acids/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics
KW - Organometallic Compounds/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics
KW - Phenylalanine/administration & dosage/analogs & derivatives/pharmacokinetics
KW - Picolinic Acids/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics
KW - Animals
KW - Humans
KW - Aged
KW - Female
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Rats
KW - Rats, Wistar
KW - Administration, Oral
KW - Biological Availability
KW - Injections, Intravenous
KW - Dietary Supplements
KW - Chromium/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics
KW - Chromium Radioisotopes/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics
KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal
KW - Intestinal Absorption
KW - Nicotinic Acids/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics
KW - Organometallic Compounds/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics
KW - Phenylalanine/administration & dosage/analogs & derivatives/pharmacokinetics
KW - Picolinic Acids/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics
M3 - SCORING: Journal article
VL - 25
SP - 1051
EP - 1060
JO - BIOMETALS
JF - BIOMETALS
SN - 0966-0844
IS - 5
M1 - 5
ER -
