An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: the PHQ-4.
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An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: the PHQ-4. / Kroenke, Kurt; Spitzer, Robert L; Williams, Janet B W; Löwe, Bernd.
in: PSYCHOSOMATICS, Jahrgang 50, Nr. 6, 6, 2009, S. 613-621.Publikationen: SCORING: Beitrag in Fachzeitschrift/Zeitung › SCORING: Zeitschriftenaufsatz › Forschung › Begutachtung
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TY - JOUR
T1 - An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: the PHQ-4.
AU - Kroenke, Kurt
AU - Spitzer, Robert L
AU - Williams, Janet B W
AU - Löwe, Bernd
PY - 2009
Y1 - 2009
N2 - BACKGROUND: The most common mental disorders in both outpatient settings and the general population are depression and anxiety, which frequently coexist. Both of these disorders are associated with considerable disability. OBJECTIVE: When the disorders co-occur, the disability is even greater. Authors sought to test an ultra-brief screening tool for both. METHOD: Validated two-item ultra-brief screeners for depression and anxiety were combined to constitute the Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety (the PHQ-4). Data were analyzed from 2,149 patients drawn from 15 primary-care clinics in the United States. RESULTS: Factor analysis confirmed two discrete factors (Depression and Anxiety) that explained 84% of the total variance. Increasing PHQ-4 scores were strongly associated with functional impairment, disability days, and healthcare use. Anxiety had a substantial effect on functional status that was independent of depression. CONCLUSION: The PHQ-4 is a valid ultra-brief tool for detecting both anxiety and depressive disorders.
AB - BACKGROUND: The most common mental disorders in both outpatient settings and the general population are depression and anxiety, which frequently coexist. Both of these disorders are associated with considerable disability. OBJECTIVE: When the disorders co-occur, the disability is even greater. Authors sought to test an ultra-brief screening tool for both. METHOD: Validated two-item ultra-brief screeners for depression and anxiety were combined to constitute the Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety (the PHQ-4). Data were analyzed from 2,149 patients drawn from 15 primary-care clinics in the United States. RESULTS: Factor analysis confirmed two discrete factors (Depression and Anxiety) that explained 84% of the total variance. Increasing PHQ-4 scores were strongly associated with functional impairment, disability days, and healthcare use. Anxiety had a substantial effect on functional status that was independent of depression. CONCLUSION: The PHQ-4 is a valid ultra-brief tool for detecting both anxiety and depressive disorders.
M3 - SCORING: Zeitschriftenaufsatz
VL - 50
SP - 613
EP - 621
JO - PSYCHOSOMATICS
JF - PSYCHOSOMATICS
SN - 0033-3182
IS - 6
M1 - 6
ER -
