A Territory-wide Study Investigating the Dose and Efficacy of Different Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Strains in Patients with Intermediate- and High-risk Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer

TY - JOUR

T1 - A Territory-wide Study Investigating the Dose and Efficacy of Different Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Strains in Patients with Intermediate- and High-risk Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer

AU - Liu, Kang

AU - Zhao, Hongda

AU - Chen, Xuan

AU - Nicoletti, Rossella

AU - Vasdev, Nikhil

AU - Peter Ka-Fung, Chiu

AU - Ng, Chi-Fai

AU - Kawada, Tatsushi

AU - Laukthina, Ekaterina

AU - Mori, Keiichiro

AU - Yanagisawa, Takafumi

AU - D'Andrea, David

AU - von Deimling, Markus

AU - Albisinni, Simone

AU - Krajewski, Wojciech

AU - Pradere, Benjamin

AU - Soria, Francesco

AU - Moschini, Marco

AU - Enikeev, Dmitry

AU - Shariat, Shahrokh F

AU - Kamat, Ashish

AU - Giannarini, Gianluca

AU - Teoh, Jeremy Yuen-Chun

AU - Young Academic Urologist Urothelial Carcinoma Group of the European Association of Urology

PY - 2024/6

Y1 - 2024/6

N2 - BackgroundCurrent European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines support adjuvant intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment after Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURB) for intermediate- or high-risk Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) patients, aiming to reduce the risk of tumor recurrence. The quality of data, however, does not allow definitive conclusions on whether different strains and dosages of BCG have different efficacies on long-term survival outcomes.ObjectiveTo evaluate the long-term survival outcomes of different strains and dosages of BCG in patients with NMIBC.Design, setting, and participantsAll NMIBC patients treated with intravesical BCG therapy from 2001 to 2020 were identified using a territory-wide database in Hong Kong.InterventionBCG strains and dosages (Connaught strain 81 mg, Connaught strain 27 mg, Tokyo strain 80 mg, and Danish strain 30 mg) were retrieved from medical records.Outcome measurements and statistical analysisOverall Survival (OS), Cancer-Specific Survival (CSS), Recurrence-Free Survival (RFS), and Progression-Free Survival (PFS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. A multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to adjust potential confounding factors, and to estimate Hazard Ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of different BCG strains. A further subgroup analysis on adequate versus inadequate BCG treatment was performed.Results and limitationsA total of 2602 NMIBC patients treated with intravesical BCG were identified. Among them, 1291 (49.6%) received Connaught strain 81 mg, 199 (7.6%) received Connaught strain 27 mg, 1014 (39.0%) received Tokyo strain, and 98 (3.8%) received Danish strain. The median follow-up was 11.0 years. No statistically significant differences in OS, CSS, RFS, and PFS were detected among the different groups. At the multivariable analysis, the Connaught strain 27 mg group was inferior to the Connaught strain 81 mg group in terms of OS (HR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.05–1.51), CSS (HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.08–2.66), and PFS (HR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.20–2.88). Adequate BCG treatment was associated with improved OS (HR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.73–0.92), CSS (HR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.47–0.86), RFS (HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.70–0.92), and PFS (HR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.39–0.68). Among patients treated with adequate BCG, at the multivariable analysis the Connaught strain 27 mg group showed worse results than the Connaught strain 81 mg group in terms of CSS (HR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.07–3.51). Compared with the Connaught strain 81 mg group, both Tokyo and Danish strains had similar survival outcomes in the whole cohort and the adequate BCG treatment subgroup.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that adequate BCG remains the most important factor in optimizing survival outcomes in patients with intermediate- and high-risk NMIBC. No significant differences in survival outcomes were observed between full-dose Connaught, Tokyo, and Danish strains. Reduced-dose Connaught strain was associated with the worst survival outcomes.Patient summaryWe evaluated the efficacy of different strains and dosages of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in patients with intermediate- or high-risk non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer in the past two decades in Hong Kong. We conclude no significant differences in long-term survival outcomes in terms of full-dose Connaught, Tokyo, and Danish strains, while reduced-dose Connaught strain was inferior to the full-dose group. Adequate BCG treatment benefits long-term survival.

AB - BackgroundCurrent European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines support adjuvant intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment after Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURB) for intermediate- or high-risk Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) patients, aiming to reduce the risk of tumor recurrence. The quality of data, however, does not allow definitive conclusions on whether different strains and dosages of BCG have different efficacies on long-term survival outcomes.ObjectiveTo evaluate the long-term survival outcomes of different strains and dosages of BCG in patients with NMIBC.Design, setting, and participantsAll NMIBC patients treated with intravesical BCG therapy from 2001 to 2020 were identified using a territory-wide database in Hong Kong.InterventionBCG strains and dosages (Connaught strain 81 mg, Connaught strain 27 mg, Tokyo strain 80 mg, and Danish strain 30 mg) were retrieved from medical records.Outcome measurements and statistical analysisOverall Survival (OS), Cancer-Specific Survival (CSS), Recurrence-Free Survival (RFS), and Progression-Free Survival (PFS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. A multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to adjust potential confounding factors, and to estimate Hazard Ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of different BCG strains. A further subgroup analysis on adequate versus inadequate BCG treatment was performed.Results and limitationsA total of 2602 NMIBC patients treated with intravesical BCG were identified. Among them, 1291 (49.6%) received Connaught strain 81 mg, 199 (7.6%) received Connaught strain 27 mg, 1014 (39.0%) received Tokyo strain, and 98 (3.8%) received Danish strain. The median follow-up was 11.0 years. No statistically significant differences in OS, CSS, RFS, and PFS were detected among the different groups. At the multivariable analysis, the Connaught strain 27 mg group was inferior to the Connaught strain 81 mg group in terms of OS (HR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.05–1.51), CSS (HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.08–2.66), and PFS (HR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.20–2.88). Adequate BCG treatment was associated with improved OS (HR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.73–0.92), CSS (HR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.47–0.86), RFS (HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.70–0.92), and PFS (HR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.39–0.68). Among patients treated with adequate BCG, at the multivariable analysis the Connaught strain 27 mg group showed worse results than the Connaught strain 81 mg group in terms of CSS (HR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.07–3.51). Compared with the Connaught strain 81 mg group, both Tokyo and Danish strains had similar survival outcomes in the whole cohort and the adequate BCG treatment subgroup.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that adequate BCG remains the most important factor in optimizing survival outcomes in patients with intermediate- and high-risk NMIBC. No significant differences in survival outcomes were observed between full-dose Connaught, Tokyo, and Danish strains. Reduced-dose Connaught strain was associated with the worst survival outcomes.Patient summaryWe evaluated the efficacy of different strains and dosages of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in patients with intermediate- or high-risk non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer in the past two decades in Hong Kong. We conclude no significant differences in long-term survival outcomes in terms of full-dose Connaught, Tokyo, and Danish strains, while reduced-dose Connaught strain was inferior to the full-dose group. Adequate BCG treatment benefits long-term survival.

U2 - 10.1016/j.euo.2023.09.014

DO - 10.1016/j.euo.2023.09.014

M3 - SCORING: Journal article

C2 - 37827948

VL - 7

SP - 438

EP - 446

JO - EUR UROL ONCOL

JF - EUR UROL ONCOL

SN - 2588-9311

IS - 3

ER -