A longitudinal study of risk and protective factors for symptoms of adjustment disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic
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A longitudinal study of risk and protective factors for symptoms of adjustment disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic. / Lotzin, Annett; Stahlmann, Katharina; Acquarini, Elena; Ajdukovic, Dean; Ajdukovic, Marina; Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous, Xenia; Ardino, Vittoria; Bondjers, Kristina; Bragesjö, Maria; Böttche, Maria; Dragan, Małgorzata; Figueiredo-Braga, Margarida; Gelezelyte, Odeta; Grajewski, Piotr; Javakhishvili, Jana Darejan; Kazlauskas, Evaldas; Lenferink, Lonneke; Lioupi, Chrysanthi; Lueger-Schuster, Brigitte; Mooren, Trudy; Sales, Luisa; Tsiskarishvili, Lela; Novakovic, Irina Zrnic; Schäfer, Ingo; ADJUST Study Consortium.
in: EUR J PSYCHOTRAUMATO, Jahrgang 15, Nr. 1, 2024, S. 2318944.Publikationen: SCORING: Beitrag in Fachzeitschrift/Zeitung › SCORING: Zeitschriftenaufsatz › Forschung › Begutachtung
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TY - JOUR
T1 - A longitudinal study of risk and protective factors for symptoms of adjustment disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic
AU - Lotzin, Annett
AU - Stahlmann, Katharina
AU - Acquarini, Elena
AU - Ajdukovic, Dean
AU - Ajdukovic, Marina
AU - Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous, Xenia
AU - Ardino, Vittoria
AU - Bondjers, Kristina
AU - Bragesjö, Maria
AU - Böttche, Maria
AU - Dragan, Małgorzata
AU - Figueiredo-Braga, Margarida
AU - Gelezelyte, Odeta
AU - Grajewski, Piotr
AU - Javakhishvili, Jana Darejan
AU - Kazlauskas, Evaldas
AU - Lenferink, Lonneke
AU - Lioupi, Chrysanthi
AU - Lueger-Schuster, Brigitte
AU - Mooren, Trudy
AU - Sales, Luisa
AU - Tsiskarishvili, Lela
AU - Novakovic, Irina Zrnic
AU - Schäfer, Ingo
AU - ADJUST Study Consortium
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused multiple stressors that may lead to symptoms of adjustment disorder.Objective: We longitudinally examined relationships between risk and protective factors, pandemic-related stressors and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as whether these relationships differed by the time of assessment.Method: The European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) ADJUST Study included N = 15,169 participants aged 18 years and above. Participants from 11 European countries were recruited and screened three times at 6-month intervals from June 2020 to January 2022. Associations between risk and protective factors (e.g. gender), stressors (e.g. fear of infection), and symptoms of adjustment disorder (AjD, ADNM-8) and their interaction with time of assessment were examined using mixed linear regression.Results: The following predictors were significantly associated with higher AjD symptom levels: female or diverse gender; older age; pandemic-related news consumption >30 min a day; a current or previous mental health disorder; trauma exposure before or during the pandemic; a good, satisfactory or poor health status (vs. very good); burden related to governmental crisis management and communication; fear of infection; restricted social contact; work-related problems; restricted activity; and difficult housing conditions. The following predictors were associated with lower AjD levels: self-employment or retirement; working in healthcare; and face-to-face contact ≥ once a week with loved ones or friends. The effects of the following predictors on AjD symptoms differed by the time of assessment in the course of the pandemic: a current or previous mental disorder; burden related to governmental crisis management; income reduction; and a current trauma exposure.Conclusions: We identified risk factors and stressors predicting AjD symptom levels at different stages of the pandemic. For some predictors, the effects on mental health may change at different stages of a pandemic.
AB - Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused multiple stressors that may lead to symptoms of adjustment disorder.Objective: We longitudinally examined relationships between risk and protective factors, pandemic-related stressors and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as whether these relationships differed by the time of assessment.Method: The European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) ADJUST Study included N = 15,169 participants aged 18 years and above. Participants from 11 European countries were recruited and screened three times at 6-month intervals from June 2020 to January 2022. Associations between risk and protective factors (e.g. gender), stressors (e.g. fear of infection), and symptoms of adjustment disorder (AjD, ADNM-8) and their interaction with time of assessment were examined using mixed linear regression.Results: The following predictors were significantly associated with higher AjD symptom levels: female or diverse gender; older age; pandemic-related news consumption >30 min a day; a current or previous mental health disorder; trauma exposure before or during the pandemic; a good, satisfactory or poor health status (vs. very good); burden related to governmental crisis management and communication; fear of infection; restricted social contact; work-related problems; restricted activity; and difficult housing conditions. The following predictors were associated with lower AjD levels: self-employment or retirement; working in healthcare; and face-to-face contact ≥ once a week with loved ones or friends. The effects of the following predictors on AjD symptoms differed by the time of assessment in the course of the pandemic: a current or previous mental disorder; burden related to governmental crisis management; income reduction; and a current trauma exposure.Conclusions: We identified risk factors and stressors predicting AjD symptom levels at different stages of the pandemic. For some predictors, the effects on mental health may change at different stages of a pandemic.
KW - Humans
KW - COVID-19/psychology
KW - Female
KW - Male
KW - Longitudinal Studies
KW - Adult
KW - Risk Factors
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Adjustment Disorders/epidemiology
KW - Protective Factors
KW - SARS-CoV-2
KW - Europe/epidemiology
KW - Young Adult
KW - Aged
KW - Adolescent
KW - Pandemics
U2 - 10.1080/20008066.2024.2318944
DO - 10.1080/20008066.2024.2318944
M3 - SCORING: Journal article
C2 - 38644753
VL - 15
SP - 2318944
JO - EUR J PSYCHOTRAUMATO
JF - EUR J PSYCHOTRAUMATO
SN - 2000-8198
IS - 1
ER -