Pericarditis is the term for inflammatory involvement of the pericardium, which can be associated with pericardial effusion and myocardial involvement (perimyocarditis). Pericarditis can be present in the context of systemic inflammatory rheumatic diseases but can also constitute a distinct disease entity. Idiopathic recurrent pericarditis (IRP) describes relapsing conditions of pericarditis with an unknown cause, which show essential common features with autoinflammatory diseases. This article gives an overview of the frequency of pericarditis in systemic rheumatic diseases. Moreover, the clinical manifestations and pathophysiology of IRP are discussed. Finally, the therapeutic algorithms for acute and idiopathic pericarditis are explained.
